Progressive enhancement
Building a page so the basic HTML works first, then adding styling and scripts as improvements on top.
Progressive enhancement is a way of building web pages in layers. The HTML comes first and works on its own: the content is readable, the links go somewhere, the form submits. Styling makes it look right, and JavaScript adds the smoother behavior, but if either fails to load or is unsupported, the page still does its job.
It is a natural fit for accessibility because well-structured HTML is what assistive technology reads, and because the people most likely to be on an old device, a slow connection, or an unusual browser are often the same people a standard setup already leaves out. A page that is built this way also tends to have a clean accessibility tree, since the structure was there before the script.
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