Manual testing
A person checking a page by hand, with a keyboard, a screen reader, zoom, and judgment, for what tools cannot catch.
Manual testing is a person working through a page the way customers do and judging what a tool cannot: whether the alt text makes sense, whether the reading order is logical, whether focus goes somewhere sensible when a dialog closes, whether the error message explains the fix, whether the page still works at 400% zoom. It uses a keyboard alone, a screen reader, a magnifier, and the browser’s own settings for text spacing and reduced motion.
It is the part of an accessibility evaluation that finds the barriers that stop people, and it is why the W3C says knowledgeable human evaluation is required. The W3C’s Easy Checks are a light manual test anyone can start with.
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